我们考虑从分布强化学习中学习一组概率分布的问题（RL），该学位与仅在经典RL中的期望相比，学习了整个返回分布。尽管它成功地获得了卓越的性能，但我们仍然对分布RL中的价值分布的工作方式有糟糕的了解。在这项研究中，我们通过在神经拟合z-材料〜（Neural FZI）框架中的其他价值分布信息的杠杆作用来分析分布RL的优化益处。首先，我们证明了分布RL的分布损失具有理想的平滑性特征，因此具有稳定的梯度，这与促进优化稳定性的趋势一致。此外，分布RL的加速效应是通过分解返回分布来揭示的。事实证明，如果合适的值分布近似值，则分布RL可以表现出色，该分布由每个特定分布RL算法中每个环境中梯度估计的方差衡量。严格的实验验证了分布RL的稳定优化行为，与经典RL相比，其加速效应有助于其加速作用。我们研究的发现阐明了分布RL算法中的价值分布如何有助于优化。

为了促进视频降解研究，我们构建了一个引人注目的数据集，即“实用的视频Denoising DataSet”（PVDD），其中包含200个SRGB和RAW格式的嘈杂清洁动态视频对。与由有限运动信息组成的现有数据集相比，PVDD涵盖了具有变化和自然运动的动态场景。与使用主要高斯或泊松分布的数据集不同，以合成SRGB域中的噪声，PVDD通过具有物理意义的传感器噪声模型，然后进行ISP处理，将原始域中的现实噪声合成现实的噪声。此外，基于此数据集，我们提出了一个基于洗牌的实用降解模型，以增强现实世界中SRGB视频的视频DeNoising网络的性能。广泛的实验表明，接受PVDD培训的模型在许多具有挑战性的现实视频上实现了优越的DeNo绩效，而不是在其他现有数据集中训练的模型上。

强化学习的主要困难之一是从{\ em dobsolicy}样本中学习，这些样本是由算法评估（目标策略）的不同策略（行为策略）收集的。非政策学习需要从行为政策中纠正样本的分布到目标策略的分布。不幸的是，重要的抽样具有固有的高方差问题，从而导致策略梯度方法的梯度估计差。我们专注于范围的参与者 - 批评体系结构，并提出了一种称为预处理近端政策优化（P3O）的新方法，该方法可以通过将预处理程序应用于保守政策迭代（CPI）目标来控制重要性采样的较高差异。 {\ em此预处理以一种特殊的方式使用Sigmoid函数，即当没有策略更改时，梯度是最大的，因此策略梯度将驱动大参数更新以有效地探索参数空间}。这是一种新颖的探索方法，鉴于现有的探索方法是基于国家和行动的新颖性，尚未对其进行研究。我们与离散和连续任务上的几种表现最好的算法进行了比较，结果表明{\ em ppo不足以实现异位}，并且我们的p3O比ppo {\ em off-policy}比ppo比“根据off off ppo”。 - 通过Deon Metric衡量的Policyness，P3O在比PPO更大的政策空间中探索。结果还表明，在训练过程中，我们的P3O比PPO更好地提高了CPI目标。

分布强化学习〜（RL）是一类最先进的算法，可估计总回报的整个分布，而不仅仅是其期望。分布RL的经验成功取决于回报分布的表示和分布差异的选择。在本文中，我们提出了一类新类\ textit {sindhorn Distributional rl〜（sindhorndrl）}算法，该算法学习了一组有限的统计数据，即确定性样本，从每个返回分布中，然后使用sinkhorn迭代来评估sindhorn迭代之间的距离当前和目标铃铛分布。 sindhorn的差异特征是瓦斯汀距离与最大平均差异〜（MMD）之间的插值。 Sindhorndrl通过利用基于最佳传输距离的几何形状和MMD的无偏梯度估计特性，从而找到了一个甜蜜点。最后，与最先进的算法相比，Sinkhorndrl的竞争性能在55场Atari游戏中得到了证明。

随着日常生活中的自然语言处理（NLP）的部署扩大，来自NLP模型的继承的社会偏见变得更加严重和有问题。以前的研究表明，在人生成的Corpora上培训的单词嵌入式具有强烈的性别偏见，可以在下游任务中产生鉴别结果。以前的脱叠方法主要侧重于建模偏差，并且仅隐含地考虑语义信息，同时完全忽略偏置和语义组件之间的复杂潜在的因果结构。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种新的方法，利用了因果推断框架来有效消除性别偏见。所提出的方法允许我们构建和分析促进性别信息流程的复杂因果机制，同时保留单词嵌入中的Oracle语义信息。我们的综合实验表明，该方法达到了最先进的性别脱叠任务。此外，我们的方法在字相似性评估和各种外在下游NLP任务中产生了更好的性能。

分布强化学习〜（RL）是一类最先进的算法，可估计总回报的全部分布，而不仅仅是其期望。尽管分销RL的表现出色，但对基于预期的RL的优势的理论理解仍然难以捉摸。在本文中，我们将分布RL的优越性归因于其正规化效果，无论其预期如何，其价值分布信息。首先，通过稳健统计数据中总误差模型的变体的杠杆作用，我们将值分布分解为其预期和其余分布部分。因此，与基于期望的RL相比，分布RL的额外好处主要解释为在神经拟合Z-材料框架中\ textit {风险敏感的熵正则化}的影响。同时，我们在最大熵RL中的分布RL的风险敏感熵正则和香草熵之间建立了一个桥梁，专门针对参与者 - 批评算法。它揭示了分布RL诱导校正后的奖励函数，从而促进了针对环境内在不确定性的风险敏感探索。最后，广泛的实验证实了分布RL的正则化作用和不同熵正则化的相互影响的作用。我们的研究铺平了一种更好地解释分布RL算法的功效，尤其是通过正则化的镜头的方法。

This paper focuses on designing efficient models with low parameters and FLOPs for dense predictions. Even though CNN-based lightweight methods have achieved stunning results after years of research, trading-off model accuracy and constrained resources still need further improvements. This work rethinks the essential unity of efficient Inverted Residual Block in MobileNetv2 and effective Transformer in ViT, inductively abstracting a general concept of Meta-Mobile Block, and we argue that the specific instantiation is very important to model performance though sharing the same framework. Motivated by this phenomenon, we deduce a simple yet efficient modern \textbf{I}nverted \textbf{R}esidual \textbf{M}obile \textbf{B}lock (iRMB) for mobile applications, which absorbs CNN-like efficiency to model short-distance dependency and Transformer-like dynamic modeling capability to learn long-distance interactions. Furthermore, we design a ResNet-like 4-phase \textbf{E}fficient \textbf{MO}del (EMO) based only on a series of iRMBs for dense applications. Massive experiments on ImageNet-1K, COCO2017, and ADE20K benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our EMO over state-of-the-art methods, \eg, our EMO-1M/2M/5M achieve 71.5, 75.1, and 78.4 Top-1 that surpass \textbf{SoTA} CNN-/Transformer-based models, while trading-off the model accuracy and efficiency well.

We aim to bridge the gap between our common-sense few-sample human learning and large-data machine learning. We derive a theory of human-like few-shot learning from von-Neuman-Landauer's principle. modelling human learning is difficult as how people learn varies from one to another. Under commonly accepted definitions, we prove that all human or animal few-shot learning, and major models including Free Energy Principle and Bayesian Program Learning that model such learning, approximate our theory, under Church-Turing thesis. We find that deep generative model like variational autoencoder (VAE) can be used to approximate our theory and perform significantly better than baseline models including deep neural networks, for image recognition, low resource language processing, and character recognition.

Despite significant progress in object categorization, in recent years, a number of important challenges remain; mainly, the ability to learn from limited labeled data and to recognize object classes within large, potentially open, set of labels. Zero-shot learning is one way of addressing these challenges, but it has only been shown to work with limited sized class vocabularies and typically requires separation between supervised and unsupervised classes, allowing former to inform the latter but not vice versa. We propose the notion of vocabulary-informed learning to alleviate the above mentioned challenges and address problems of supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot and open set recognition using a unified framework. Specifically, we propose a weighted maximum margin framework for semantic manifold-based recognition that incorporates distance constraints from (both supervised and unsupervised) vocabulary atoms. Distance constraints ensure that labeled samples are projected closer to their correct prototypes, in the embedding space, than to others. We illustrate that resulting model shows improvements in supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot, and large open set recognition, with up to 310K class vocabulary on Animal with Attributes and ImageNet datasets.

We consider infinite horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) with fast-slow structure, meaning that certain parts of the state space move "fast" (and in a sense, are more influential) while other parts transition more "slowly." Such structure is common in real-world problems where sequential decisions need to be made at high frequencies, yet information that varies at a slower timescale also influences the optimal policy. Examples include: (1) service allocation for a multi-class queue with (slowly varying) stochastic costs, (2) a restless multi-armed bandit with an environmental state, and (3) energy demand response, where both day-ahead and real-time prices play a role in the firm's revenue. Models that fully capture these problems often result in MDPs with large state spaces and large effective time horizons (due to frequent decisions), rendering them computationally intractable. We propose an approximate dynamic programming algorithmic framework based on the idea of "freezing" the slow states, solving a set of simpler finite-horizon MDPs (the lower-level MDPs), and applying value iteration (VI) to an auxiliary MDP that transitions on a slower timescale (the upper-level MDP). We also extend the technique to a function approximation setting, where a feature-based linear architecture is used. On the theoretical side, we analyze the regret incurred by each variant of our frozen-state approach. Finally, we give empirical evidence that the frozen-state approach generates effective policies using just a fraction of the computational cost, while illustrating that simply omitting slow states from the decision modeling is often not a viable heuristic.